The problem with the confederation is the federation.
Comparison chart
Confederation versus Federation comparison chart
| Confederation | Federation |
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Sovereignty | Held by the member states. In a Confederation, the federal government is accountable to the member states, who are the ultimate authority. | Held by the federal government. In a Federation, the federal government will hold the ultimate authority and the member states will be subordinate to it. |
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Central Authority | The central authority of a confederation is usually a weak body appointed by the member states. | The central authority of a federation is a federal government which governs the member states. |
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Powers of the Central Authority | Usually will focus on joint foreign policy and defense matters, but rarely will have the power to do much more than that. | Determined by the constitution of the federation, but will generally have rights to exercise control over the diplomatic, military, economic, and legal spheres of the member states. |
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Examples (According to Wikipedia) | Toltec Empire, League of Mayapan, Crown of Aragon, Confederation of Madya-as, Old Swiss Confederacy, New England Confederation, Aro Confederacy, United States of America (1781-1789), Confederation of the Rhine and many more | Canada, United States of America, Mexico, Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Estonia, Russia, Iraq, United Arab Emirates, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Malaysia, Australia, Sudan, and many more |
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There was a choice available, in 1864, between a centrally controlled, unitary federation and a confederation of independent governments voluntarily co-operating for mutual benefit. It was a fight then and it still is a fight.
Not everybody agrees where Canada and the Provinces sit on the sliding scale. The fight is currently being played out in Quebec, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. BC also goes its own way from time to time. The further east you go the more dependent the governments are on the central government.